Overgeven

1. to vomit, to throw up, to be sick
[verb]
[o-ver-ge-ven, gaf o-ver, o-ver-ge-ge-ven]

When the food you've eaten tries to leave your body via your mouth, you can use the word "overgeven" (after having wiped your mouth with a tissue of course ;-) ).

Synonymous to "overgeven" is "braken", or the more informal "kotsen", see the Related words.

Examples:
- "Ik ben misselijk, ik denk dat ik moet overgeven..." 
("I'm (feeling) nauseous...I think I'm going to be sick...")

- "Als je overgeeft, is de kater daarna minder erg." 
("If you throw up, the hangover is less severe afterwards.")

Expressions:
- "Over je nek gaan": to vomit, to be sick. Lit.: to go over one's neck.

Related words:
- Braken: to vomit, to throw up, to be sick [verb] [braakte, gebraakt].
- Kotsen: to puke [verb] [kotste, gekotst].
- Misselijk: sick, nauseous [adjective].

2. to hand over, to pass
[verb]
[o-ver-ge-ven, gaf o-ver, o-ver-ge-ge-ven]

If an object is transferred from one person to another, you can use "overgeven", literally: to give over. A frequently used synonym is "doorgeven": to pass on.

Examples:
- "De sprinter gaf het stokje over aan zijn teamgenoot." 
("The sprinter handed over the stick to his teammate.")

- "Kun je de pindakaas overgeven, alsjeblieft?" 
("Can you hand over the peanut butter, please?")

Related words:
- Geven: to give [verb] [geven, gaf, gegeven].
- Over: over [adverb/preposition].
- Doorgeven: to pass on [verb] [doorgeven, gaf door, doorgegeven].

Example:
- "De liefde voor het vak wordt van generatie op generatie doorgegeven."
("The love for the trade is passed on from generation to generation.")

3. to surrender (oneself), to give (oneself) up
[reflexive verb]
[zich o-ver-ge-ven, gaf zich o-ver, heeft zich o-ver-ge-ge-ven]

In the context of surrendering oneself, the verb becomes reflexive: "zich overgeven".

Examples:
- "Handen omhoog!" - "Niet schieten! Ik geef me over!" 
("Hands up!" - "Don't shoot! I surrender!")

- "Na een lange onderhandeling hebben de piraten zich aan de marine overgegeven." 
("After a long negotiation, the pirates surrendered to the navy.")

Expressions:
- "Zich gewonnen geven": to give up, to surrender.

Related words:
- Winnen: to win [verb] [winnen, won, gewonnen].
- Verliezen: to lose [verb] [verliezen, verloor, verloren].

Example:
- "Waar ben je bang voor, wat heb je te verliezen?"
("What are you afraid of, what have you got to lose?")

- Opgeven: to give up [verb] [opgeven, gaf op, opgegeven].

4. to indulge in, to surrender oneself to
[reflexive verb]
[zich o-ver-ge-ven, gaf zich o-ver, heeft zich o-ver-ge-ge-ven]

In the context of surrendering oneself to something, the verb is also reflexive, with the preposition "aan" added to it: "zich overgeven aan".

Examples:
- "Kate gaf zich over aan haar chocolade verslaving. Na een uur moest ze overgeven..." 
("Kate surrendered herself to her chocolate addiction. After an hour she had to vomit...")

- "Frank geeft zich altijd over aan zijn melancholische buien."
("Frank always indulges in his melancholy moods.")

Related words:
- Toegeven: to admit [verb] [toegeven, gaf toe toegegeven].